Keep the following in mind when you select a suppression technique.
Table 1. Suppression techniques
Suppression technique
Center frequency placement
Frequency shift
Fat SAT
Water peak
-220 Hz
Water SAT
Fat peak
+220 Hz
Silicone suppression: select a protocol with Water SAT
Fat peak
-100 Hz
Silicone suppression: select a protocol with Fat SAT
Water peak
-320 Hz
About this task
The type of contrast required is dependent on the clinical needs.
Fat suppression
Silicone suppression for evaluating fat or other tumors
Bright silicone contrast for evaluating prosthesis dislocation, intracapsular or extracapsular ruptures, or capsular contractures
Table 2. Expected contrast with silicone implants
Silicone contrast
PSD and SAT
Tissue contrast
Bright
Silicone bright with water SAT:
Use a STIR with water SAT
Place center frequency on the fat peak to suppress water
Figure 1. STIR with water SAT: Fat = dark, Water = dark, Silicone = bright
Bright
Bright silicone with Fat SAT:
Use a T2 FSE FS or STIR
Place the center frequency on the water peak to suppress fat
Figure 2. STIR: Fat = dark, Water = vrey bright, Silicone = brightFigure 3. T2 no SAT: Fat = bright, Water = bright, Silicone = bright
Dark
Dark silicone with fat SAT
Use an FSE pulse with fat SAT
Place the center frequency on the water peak then manually change the frequency offset (Options menu > mrsp > csf) to that of silicone to move the fat suppression pulse
Figure 4. FSE fat SAT: Fat = medium, Water = bright, silicone = dark
Dark
Dark silicone with STIR
Acquire an axial or sagittal plane
Change the TI to 400 to suppress the silicone instead of the fat
Figure 5. STIR with silicon suppressed: Fat = dark, Water = bright, Silicone = dark
Bright
Dynamic (with and without contrast) or multiphase with Fat SAT or Flex
Use VIBRANT with fat SAT(special), VIBRANT Flex, or VIBRANT DISCO
Place the center frequency on water for fat SAT
Figure 6. No slicone in breast: Left = VIBRANT with Flex, right = VIBRANT
Silicone implant imaging can be very difficult because with silicone there are three peaks in the manual prescan spectrum, and this can confuse the system during auto prescan because the silicone peak is often the strongest (tallest) peak. Therefore, with most sequences with silicone, you must do manual prescan to make sure prescan is centered on the correct peak to saturate fat, water, or silicone.
Figure 7. Spectra illustrating relationship of water, fat, and silicon peaks
Table 3. Image legend
Number
Description
1
Water
2
Fat
3
Silicone
Step-by-step instructions
From the GE library, select the desired pulse sequence.
Graphically prescribe the slices.
From the Chem SAT menu, select the appropriate SAT pulse.
Figure 8. Chemical SAT menu
Click Save Rx.
From the scan menu, select Auto Prescan.
Figure 9. Scan menu
Auto Prescan is performed and it automatically optimizes the transmit gain and receive values for the area of interest.
When Auto Prescan is finished, from the scan menu, select Manual Prescan.
From the manual prescan screen, click Center Frequency Fine to view the peaks.
Slide the Rec bar to the right until it is on the highest receiver.
Figure 10. Center frequency prescan screen
Number
Description
1
Center Frequency Fine
2
Coil receiver value
3
The line in the middle represents AX (actual frequency or where the CF is centered).
4
Rec slider allows you to select a coil receiver.
Adjust the center frequency over the appropriate peak, which peak depends on the desired type of suppression. There are two methods in which you can adjust the peaks.
Method 1
Click Center Frequency Coarse (CFL).
From the manual prescan menu bar, select Markers > Vertical Hairline. A thicker vertical line appears next to the center frequency line.
Left click and drag the vertical hairline over the peak you want to suppress.
Click the middle mouse button to apply your selection. This may take a few seconds. Repeat this step if needed to suppress the signal as much as possible.
Once you are satisfied with the center frequency, click Done.
From the scan control area, click Scan.
Figure 11. Method 1 for center frequency adjusment
Number
Description
1
Center Frequency Coarse
2
Vertical Hairline marker selection
3
Center frequency line
4
Vertical Hairline marker
5
Done button accepts changes to the manual prescan screen and closes the screen.
Method 2
Click Center Freq Fine (CFH).
Move the Delta Freq (Dx) slider bar the appropriate number of Hz you want the spectrum to move.
Click Apply to move the delta frequency. This may take a few seconds.
Repeat the adjustment of the delta frequency and Apply steps until you are centered on the desired peak.
Sometimes the water and fat peaks are not clearly dilineated, particularly when silicone is present. You can still center on the desired peak by centering on the silicone peak, then change the CF offset by moving the Delta Frequency slider to the left, the direction that water and fat sit in relation to silicone.
1.5T example: To center on water on if the peak is on silicone, move the slider 320 Hz to the left. The maximum the slider moves per action is 200 Hz. Therefore, to move 320 Hz, first move 200 and click Apply, and then move120 and click Apply again)
Once you are satisfied with the center frequency, click Done.
From the scan control area, click Scan.Figure 12. Method 2 for center frequency adjustment
Number
Description
1
Center Frequency Fine
2
Delta Freq (Dx) Delta frequency slider
3
Apply button applies the frequency set by the Delta Freq (Dx) slider
To suppress silicone, change the center of the water or fat pulse.
Select a protocol that has Fat selected from the Chem SAT menu.
From manual prescan, place the center frequency over the water peak.